Increased Water Intake and Unexplained Hair Loss

Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in middle-aged and older dogs. It occurs when the body produces excessive cortisol, often called the “stress hormone.” While the condition is manageable, many dogs go undiagnosed for months, sometimes even years, because the early changes are subtle and easily mistaken for normal aging. Common warning signs include increased thirst and urination, a noticeable rise in appetite, thinning hair or patchy hair loss, a pot-bellied appearance, muscle weakness, lethargy, and recurrent skin infections. Recognizing these symptoms early can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life and make treatment more effective.

What Is Cushing’s Disease?

Cushing disease occurs when the adrenal glands overproduce cortisol. In about 85% of cases, a small benign tumor in the pituitary gland (at the base of the brain) sends too much signal to the adrenals.

In the remaining 15%, a tumor on one of the adrenal glands itself is the culprit. Long-term use of steroid medications can also cause “iatrogenic” Cushing’s. Excess cortisol affects almost every system in the body metabolism, immune function, skin, muscles, and even behavior which is why symptoms can appear slowly and in many different ways.

The Most Common Early Signs Owners Notice First

Increased Thirst and Urination

One of the earliest and most consistent signs is polydipsia and polyuria i.e. drinking and peeing more than usual. You might notice the water bowl emptying faster, more frequent relief breaks, or accidents in the house from a previously house-trained dog. Many owners initially blame it on warmer weather or a new diet.

Increased Appetite and Weight Gain Around the Belly

Dogs with early Cushing’s often develop a voracious appetite and start begging more. At the same time, they may gain weight, especially a pot-bellied appearance caused by redistribution of fat to the abdomen and weakening of abdominal muscles. This “pot belly” is a classic later sign but can start subtly.

Panting More Than Normal

Excess cortisol affects the respiratory center in the brain, so dogs pant more even when resting or in cool temperatures. If your dog seems to pant heavily during quiet evenings or after very light activity, take note.

Thin Skin and Slow-Healing Sores

Cortisol thins the skin and impairs healing. You may notice small cuts or scratches that take weeks to heal, or skin that seems paper-thin and bruises easily. Recurrent skin or ear infections that don’t respond well to treatment are another red flag.

Subtle Signs That Are Often Missed

Muscle Weakness and Reduced Stamina

Early muscle loss makes dogs tire faster on walks, struggle to jump on the sofa, or appear generally “lazy.” Owners often attribute this to aging rather than Cushing’s.

Hair Loss and Poor Coat Quality

Symmetrical hair loss on the flanks, belly, or tail (rat tail) is common, but it can start very gradually. The coat may also become dull, dry, or fail to regrow after clipping.

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

High cortisol suppresses the immune system, making dogs prone to UTIs. If your dog has repeated bladder infections, Cushing’s should be on the list of possible causes.

When to See a Vet?

If your dog is over 6–7 years old and shows two or more of the signs above, especially increased thirst, pot belly, or panting, schedule a vet visit. 

You can reach out to a Cuddlytails vet here.

Bring a list of symptoms and any recent changes in water intake or appetite. Early blood work (including an ACTH stimulation test or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test) can confirm or rule out Cushing’s before the disease advances.

Prevention and Reducing Risk

Although you cannot prevent pituitary tumors (the most common cause of Cushing’s), you can significantly lower your dog’s overall risk of developing the disease and greatly improve the chances of catching it early through consistent, practical habits.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity puts extra strain on the adrenal glands and can worsen hormonal imbalances. Feed a balanced, calorie-controlled diet matched to your dog’s age, breed, and activity level. Aim to keep your dog at an ideal Body Condition Score of 4–5 out of 9. Regular weigh-ins at home and during vet visits help you catch gradual weight gain early.

Choose High-Quality Nutrition

Feed a premium, AAFCO-approved diet rich in quality animal protein and balanced fats. Avoid cheap foods loaded with fillers. Some owners add omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) after consulting their vet, as these have mild anti-inflammatory effects that may help regulate cortisol responses. Never add random supplements without veterinary approval.

Avoid Unnecessary Long-Term Steroids

Repeated or prolonged use of corticosteroid medications (prednisone, dexamethasone, etc.) is a leading cause of iatrogenic Cushing’s. Use steroids only when truly necessary and for the shortest effective time. For chronic conditions like allergies or arthritis, ask your vet about safer long-term alternatives such as Apoquel, Cytopoint, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories.

Monitor at Home

Keep a simple monthly log of your dog’s water intake, appetite, energy levels, coat condition, and weight. Take a quick photo of your dog from the side every month to track any developing pot-belly. Any sudden increase in thirst, appetite, or panting should prompt an immediate vet visit.

Conclusion

Cushing’s disease is common in middle-aged and senior dogs, but catching it early makes a huge difference in treatment success and quality of life. The early signs of increased thirst, pot belly, excessive panting, and slow-healing skin issues are easy to miss because they develop gradually and overlap with normal aging. By staying observant and acting quickly when something feels off, you give your dog the best chance at many comfortable years ahead. If you suspect Cushing’s, don’t wait a simple conversation with your vet can set you on the right path.

FAQs

How long can a dog live with Cushing’s?

With proper treatment, many dogs live 2–5 years or longer after diagnosis, often with excellent quality of life.

Is Cushing’s curable?

Pituitary-dependent Cushing’s is managed, not cured, with daily medication. Adrenal tumors can sometimes be cured with surgery.

My dog is drinking a lot more water, should I worry?

Yes, especially if combined with increased urination or appetite. It’s one of the earliest and most reliable signs.

Can diet alone manage Cushing’s?

No. Medication is required to control cortisol production. Diet helps support overall health but cannot replace treatment.

Are certain breeds more prone?

Yes, Poodles, Dachshunds, Boxers, Boston Terriers, and Beagles are over-represented.