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Lyme disease is a serious bacterial infection that can affect dogs, causing a range of symptoms from fever and lethargy to joint pain and kidney problems. It is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, primarily the black-legged tick (also known as the deer tick) in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States.
The most common symptoms of Lyme disease in dogs include:
In some cases, Lyme disease can also lead to more serious complications like kidney disease (Lyme nephritis), which can be fatal if left untreated. Symptoms of Lyme nephritis include vomiting, increased thirst and urination, weight loss, and lethargy.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to dogs through the bite of an infected tick. The black-legged tick picks up the bacteria when it feeds on infected rodents or deer. When the tick then bites a dog, it can transmit the bacteria, which can then spread throughout the dog’s body.
Lyme disease is diagnosed through a combination of clinical signs, a dog’s history of tick exposure, and blood tests. The most common test is the SNAP 4Dx, which detects antibodies to B. burgdorferi and can provide results in just 8 minutes. A positive result indicates exposure to the bacteria, but not necessarily active disease. Other tests like the Quant C6 and PCR may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Lyme disease in dogs is typically treated with a 30-day course of antibiotics, most commonly doxycycline. Pain medication may also be prescribed to manage joint discomfort. In cases of Lyme nephritis, more intensive treatment is required, including IV fluids, medications to manage kidney disease, and nutritional support. However, the prognosis for Lyme nephritis is often poor.
The best ways to prevent Lyme disease in dogs include:
While most dogs infected with B. burgdorferi do not develop clinical signs, Lyme disease can be a serious and potentially fatal condition. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing the disease and preventing complications. If you suspect your dog may have Lyme disease, contact your veterinarian immediately for evaluation and appropriate treatment.
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